Georgetown 1

图1:Saint Francis Xavier Church

建于1867年，于1952年 被主教祝圣。。。踏进这个教堂的路上，可以看到两排排屋，而大部分为印度人居所，不难让人觉得这是印度人的天主教堂。

"Bishop Boucho, who was responsible tor encouraging the founding of education missions in Penang, also started an Indian parish in 1857. The Tamil-speaking Catholics used the cemetery chapel for the first I0 years. The Saint Francis Xavier Church was then built in 1867 on land donated by the Godfrey family to the Church of the Assumption. The church is named after Saint Francis Xavier, the famous 'Apostle of the Indies' who brought Christianity to the non-European peoples of Portuguese Malacca in the 16th century. "

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图2:St. Joseph's Home

"The home was first founded in 1865 and was then known as St Joseph's Orphanage. At present there are 59 children (26 boys and 23 girls) ages from 5 to 17 years.With its mission statement being the HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT AND REINTEGRATION OF THE CHILDREN INTO SOCIETY, the pillars of the Home are:- Formation- Education- Community LifeTo prepare the children to meet the challenges of time, the Home has introduced new services. Notably the Home has established vocational skills training for those in the Home and outside the Home (those of poor social economic background) who are not academically inclined so that they can be independent in the future. They have also started a new program on teaching/ learning methods to stimulate and motivate the children towards learning. This is done by activity-based learning, which is conducted in small groups of six children at the maximum."

http://www.hati.org.my/article_view.aspx?linkversion=1&linkid=286&dirid=23&dirname=Children

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图3:Residence of Ku Din Ku Meh

Ku Din Ku Meh(1848-1932) 的居所。

"Ku Din Ku Meh was born in Anak Bukit, Kedah around 1848. He started his career at 14 as Head of Kedah Prisons. Ku Din was a literary man, fluent in Malay and Thai. He was known to have transcribed a book of laws in 1894. His diary and some jawi records pertaining to his administration in Setul (Satun) are now kept in the Thai National Archives in Bangkok. In 1897, Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah of Kedah appointed him the High Commissioner of Setul. At the time, Setul, Kayang and Phuket were provinces of Kedah under the domination of Siam. Setul later became a part of southern Thailand under the Treaty of Bangkok in 1909. Ku Din was highly regarded as an administrator, judging by the various advances which he introduced to Setul in the areas of administration, agriculture, trade and commerce, and education. In 1902, Ku Din assumed the title 'Raja of Setul' and used the name Tengku Baharuddin bin Tunku Meh. During his time, the local ports of Setul traded actively with Rangoon and Penang. Ku Din himself owned several shipping vessels exporting goods such as birds' nests, timber and coconuts from south Thailand to Penang. Ku Din married a woman from Penang, and had his trading office in this town house on jalan Penang. The Siamese government retained Ku Din Ku Meh in his position until he retired in 1916. He passed away in 1932 and was entombed in Setul. "

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图5:Christian Cemetery

坐落在乔治市中间，有一个安宁和最古老的基督教墓 地。凉爽的树荫和多民族都一起埋葬在这里，这是那么的叫人惊喜和兴奋。这墓地是18世纪后期，本为St. Xaviers' Church的天主教墓地，连同邻近的新教墓地是最古老的埋葬地由Captain Francis Light在1786年成立。
在这里，最古老 的坟墓是属于一个葡萄牙夫人，名字叫Rita Antonio dos Reys，来自澳门和死于1798年3月24日。
结下来值得一提的是耶稣 婴儿会的第一批天主教修女，她们在槟城创立了第一个修道院学校。
在这里可以看到很多古老的雕刻，是乔治市里一个值得旅游的地方。

" 在莱特的四方形坟墓边，围绕着许多当代槟城赫赫有名的欧美闻人，如槟榔屿英殖民地历届总督约翰本尼曼、菲力敦达斯等人;正义报人约翰礼查申罗根；牛汝莪大 园主大卫布朗;新加坡开埠者莱弗士的姨丈;伦敦传教士协会的哈靖神父、汤姆士神父等等的荒墓。 这些闻人相传多数死于当时不知名的热带感染病，或者天花。这场浩劫据说是由于大规摸的森林伐木活动所引致的。 另有一座较为人津津谈论的是汤姆士罗若文的坟墓。汤姆士罗若文是一名年轻军人，他的妻子安娜，曾是19世纪的暹罗（今泰国）皇宫御任英文教师。安娜在皇宫 的生涯日记，被后人撰编成电影《国王与我》以及近期的《安娜与国王》。 另外有卅余座介于1860年至1880年间的坟墓，据说是一批中国客家基督信徒所属，他们当时为了逃避爆动事件而逃亡至槟城。 这里最早的坟墓建于1798年，最后一个则在1892年。总共有六百个荒墓。在坟场的东方，您也可以见到两座槟城早期的精雅建筑物。一座是闻人梁飞的儿子 所属，建于1926年，建筑风格就如莱特路的梁飞故居一样，充斥着欧式豪华气派。 另一座是靠海的中英混合式建筑，建于1888年。它的宝塔式五层楼还保留得十分完整，目前为一间小学校舍。 走向坟场的南方，你就会见到一座罗马天主教坟场，这里是槟城早期修女传教团的坟墓。"

http://penangmedia.com/cms/lvyou/2006/0221/article_2.html

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图6:时中分校旧址

"时中分校旧址建于1880年代，原是属於谢德顺住宅，是槟城第一栋五层楼 建筑，俗称“GOH CHAN LAU”。外观为中英混合式，内部空间仍保存有中国建筑式的门厅屏扇，其高耸的比例相当罕有，即使火劫之后仍然相当完整；是本土中西合璧式建筑的另一特 色。谢德顺女婿，吴世荣即孙中山革命最有力的支持者，将“五层楼”豪宅出售，全力支持革命事业。 1908年戴喜云购为私邸，即第四任清朝驻槟领事（1907－1911），其子戴培元于民国成立后续任为中华民国领事（1912－1930）。后曾一度改 为与E&O同等的酒店RAFFLES－BY－THE－SEA。1938年始借用于时中分校，日本占领时期成为军营，和平之后即为英军占有，至 1949年始交回校舍，至90年代时钟分校因学生来源大量减少，才迁至BAYAB BARU新市镇；戴氏家族始转手于发展商。 从历史背景来看，与中国革命华侨，清朝至民国领事馆，豪华酒店，及至军营，华文小学使用；均于近百年华人南来移民，成功发迹；从意识形态上从新清朝至支持 革命，并到抗战独立后的从华侨变成马来西亚华人的转变，却有很清除的脉胳可寻。“五层楼”若可如建议中改变成有关于华人南来开发的历史馆，肯定会有很恰当 的意义。"

http://penangmedia.com/cms/lishi/2007/0909/article_64.html

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图7:LIM LEAN TENG MANSION

建与1925年

"Lim Lean Teng Mansions is not a residential mansion but a three-storey office block along Lebuh Farquhar in George Town.Lim Lean Teng was probably made famous by his donation of the 26 acres of land to the Teochew clan to build a school (in pre-war time) - The Han Chiang High/Primary School (now Han Chiang College) in Penang. The school has a prominent bronze statue right in front of it speaks louder than any description (though not much in the English fraternity) people may reckon."

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图8:Cathedral of the Assumption

原建与1786年，目前的建造 物建与1861年，是槟城的第一间天主教堂。

"Shortly after Captain Francis Light arrived on Penang Island in 1786, he arranged for the first Roman Catholic community to be brought over by ship from the parish in Kuala Kedah. This community was made up of descendants of European settlers who had intermarried with the Burmese and Siamese. Due to political persecution, they had emigrated from Phuket and Ligor to Kedah, before moving to Penang. Several Eurasian Catholics were recruited into Light's early administration. The Church of the Assumption, originally founded at Church Street by Father Garnault in 1786, was so named because the first group of Roman Catholic Eurasians from Kedah landed in Penang in 1786 on the eye of the Feast of the Assumption. The church moved to Farquhar Street in 1857, where it occupied a temporary building on the site of the present Convent Orphanage. The present church building and the adjacent presbytery were erected by Father Manissol. When it opened in 1861, it could accommodate 1,200 members of the Assumption parish. In 1955, when the church was raised to the status of the Cathedral of the Diocese of Penang, the sanctuary was renovated to set up the seat for the first Bishop of Penang, the Right Reverend Monsignor Francis Chan. The Catholic community around the church has now dwindled to a few homes along Argus Lane, behind the cathedral, including a 19th century Anglo-Indian bungalow adjoining the church compound. "

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图9:仁爱堂

"公元1796年，广东梅县人古石泉在槟城（Pinang，又名George Town）创办首家中药店——仁爱堂，其后裔敦守祖训，经营药业百年不衰。公元1881年华人叶观盛在吉隆坡创办中医机构培善堂，公元1894年扩大院 址，增建楼房，更名为同善医院。又有黄进聪等人在按城创办南华医院，公元1884年开业接论。这两家医院的开设标志着马来西亚的中医事业正式开始，为近由 年来的发展打下基础。本世纪20年代，马属各地先后建立医院、诊所近2O家，也出现了中医药组织，以1924年成立的麻坡中医药研究所为最早。此期，中药 店增至数百家，仅吉隆坡、槟城两市均各有200个中药店铺，一般是家庭式经营，规模较小。1929年，Hooper调查马来中药店经营情况，发现药店常经 销近500种药物，其中植物类占90％以上，也有数十种动物药与矿物药，店家内设小作坊，进行粗加工或调制药茶4～6种，如田七人参茶、清凉菊花茶、苦味 中药茶（成分不详）等均沿街兜售。当地气候潮湿炎热，四季如夏，用中草药保健甚为普遍，以祛暑胜湿、解毒辟秽。"
http://www.chinesemedicines.net/show.aspx?id=44096&cid=266

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图11:The Malayan Railway Building,

20世纪初，一个象征槟 城的坐标，也是早期的铁路公司。

"The Malayan Railway Building, now called Wisma Kastam, was one of the most prominent buildings in Penang in the early 20th century. Indeed it was the first sight of George Town for visitors to Penang, being the tallest building in town for decades.The Malayan Railway Building =was built at Gat Lebuh China (China Street Ghaut), an extension of Lebuh China following reclamation work in the late 19th century. At that time, Malaya's tin mining industry was in full swing, and the Malayan Railway Building provided much-needed space to house the administrative offices and ticketing booths for the railway company. The people in Penang called it the only railway station without a rail because passengers buying train tickets at the station have to first take a ferry, the Railway Ferry Steamers, to Butterworth, to catch the train."

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/malayan-railway-building.htm

Georgetown 2

图11：Church Street Pier

“The Church Street Pier, for many years a run-down, abandoned pier, was recently refurbished. Built in 1897, the Church Street Pier hails from a more romantic era when the Penang Channel was a much busier waterway. You can stand on the pier and imagine the waterfront choked full with sampans, perahus, junks, steamships and cruise vessels of varying sizes. Today the scene at the harbour would seem more orderly and perhaps less picturesque.Before the construction of the present ferry terminal, the Church Street Pier was used by motorcars. After that, it was used by small boats, before eventually closing down, a fate shared by other similar jetties that used to line the waterfront. Among the jetties that are now history include the Railway Jetty at China Street Ghaut and the Victoria Pier at Downing Street Ghaut. ”http://www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/church_street_pier.htm

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图12：Cheong Fatt Tze’s servants' quarters

当年张弼 士工人的屋子
“Shophouses which were formerly the servants' quarters attached to the Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion. They have undergone renovation and adaptive reuse to become food and beverage outlets.”

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图13：Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion

张弼士故居，另外一个名字是< 蓝屋>，<<蓝屋>>建于1897年，花费7年的时间才建竣。它占地5万3千平方英尺，建筑面积为3万4千平方英尺，共有 38间房、5个天井、7个楼梯及220扇窗，蓝屋之大由此可见端倪。房子是典型闽南风格。这座豪宅是中国近代资本家CHEONG FATT TZE在南洋的房产，此人从年少身无分文到日后成为跨国巨富，被西方人称为中国最后一个满清官吏第一个资本家。他也是当时满清驻美总领事，负责中国第一条 铁路的运作以及成立第一家现代银行。

“The winner of UNESCO's Asia-Pacific Heritage 2000 Award for ConservationCheong Fatt Tze was the Hakka name of the powerful Nanyang industrialist who was also known as Chang Pi Shih (in the Mandarin language) alias Thio Tiauw Siat (Fujian dialect). He became a Mandarin of the Highest Order in the government of China. Regarded as one of the most prominent historic personalities of the East, Cheong was the Qing Government's Consul-General in Singapore, a director of China's first modern bank and first railway, and Special Trade Commissioner for Southeast Asia. His importance was acknowledged by flags flown at half-mast by Dutch and British Governments when he died. The China-born Hakka came as a penniless immigrant to the island of Java. Prospering from Dutch contracts in Sumatra, he ran steamships plying between Medan in North Sumatra and Penang. He moved his base to Penang in the early 1890s, where he served as the Qing government's Vice-Consul (the highest post in Penang), representing the Chinese of Malaya and the Dutch Indies, before being promoted to Consul-General in Singapore. In Penang, he built his family home and donated generously to Chung Hwa Confucian School, the Kek Lok Si Temple, and many other causes. He continued to expand his empire of trading, shipping, opium, agriculture and mining in Southeast Asia. In China, he was director of China's railway works and its first modern banking institution and at one point even became economic advisor to the Empress Dowager. Just before his death in 1916, he undertook a mission to America on behalf of Yuan Shi-Kai's Republican government, for which the New York Times dubbed him 'China's Rockefeller'. The new owners of the Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion have carried out a Grade I restoration over the last few years, and the monument is now ready for viewing. -The house was built and named after a Hakka migrant in 1890. He was born a penniless person but eventually became the most powerful overseas Chinese merchant of his time in Nanyang. Moving to Penang, he continued to build his empire of shipping, opium and mining in Southeast Asia. The house is a magnificent architectural marvel with distinct European styling and stained-glass windows. Today, the house is open for visitors to learn more about Cheong's history through antiques and paraphernalia displayed in the building. ”
www.penang-hotels.com/cheongfatttze/

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图14：Convent Light Street

“At the end of the road is the Convent Light St, or Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, a girls' school established by a French Sisters' Mission in 1852. Within the walled complex is one of the oldest buildings in George Town, the bungalow of Francis Light which dates back to around 1793. As the seat of the Penang Government in the early 19th century, it was called the "Government House". Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore, worked here from 1805 to 1810 as Deputy Secretary to the Governor of Penang. The Convent which took over the site then added a chapel, cloisters for the Sisters, an orphanage, a boarding house for student boarders and many classrooms. Today, it is the most important inner city school in Penang and the oldest school complex in the country, having remained on this site for almost one and a half centuries. ”
www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/conventlightstreet.htm

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图15：Court Buildings

高级法庭，别具一格的建筑物

“The Court Buildings today house the High Courts. Logan's Monument is located in the grounds. The dedication proclaims Logan, who died in 1869, as "an erudite and skillful lawyer, an eminent scientific ethnologist" who has "founded literature for these settlements". Apart from being a fearless advocate, the prolific intellectual was also the editor of the Pinanq Gazette and founder of the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia in 27 volumes, also called Logan's journals. ”
www.asiaexplorers.com/singapore/oldsupremecourt.htm

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图16：Town Hall

19世纪建造物，是一间与City Hall并肩宏立的建造物。

“The Town Hall, like the City Hall, has a balcony that overlooks the Padang. In olden days, the elite used to gather on the balconies of the Municipal Council buildings to view the processions and games held below ”

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图17：Chinese chamber of commerce (中华总商会)

中华总商会 建于1928年。

“ The Chinese Chamber of Commerce building in Penang is a corner building wrapped from Penang Street to Light Street with a colonnaded five-foot way on the outside. It was designed by a local architect, Chew Eng Eam in 1926. On the rooftop is an open air verandah with splended views of the greens of Esplanade or Padang Kota. The building carries ornamentations in the form of urns, corbels, terrace balustrades and mock Tudor gable. ”

www.pccc.org.my/

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图18：Queen Victoria Clock Tower

建于1902年，“钟楼留下刻 印著英文字体“ This Clock Tower was Presented to Penang by Cheah Chen Gok Gsyn is commemoration of her Mejasty Queen Victoria's ”钟楼高60英尺，象徵维多利亚女王在位60年。钟塔外观分为4层，每一层有不同的立面处理，并逐层缩小平面。地面底座是个八角形平面。朝土库街的那面为 正方，门口有个八字开阶梯。第二层实为两楼，中间四面皆凸半圆露台，台底收锥形，窗头设马蹄拱。第三层亦是四方形四面各设一面大时钟。顶屋重复八角平面， 由八根短柱撑顶一个底盘出檐的大葱顶。这殖民地──蒙兀儿（Colonial-Mogul）或“Raj”式样显然受到当时吉隆坡政府大厦如高等法庭 （The Sultan Abdul Samad）建筑的影响。那是一种试图将印度回教建筑与欧洲古典建筑结合，以便体现回教地域政治的色彩，不过槟城的公共建筑物就只一列。其他还是走新古典 主义路线。由於钟楼的造形别致，独然矗立，又与四周如炮台、政府机关大楼构成优美的都市景观，自建成後不只成为乔治市的地标之一，更是明信片最受宠爱摄取 的景物。唯战後周遭的改变使它渐失色。80年代一栋马来商会大楼庞然大物一盖，钟楼便被比矮成微物了。”

penangmedia.com/html/29/101.html

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图19：City Hall

建于1903年，耗资100,000 Straits Dollars。当Esplanade草场有节目时，大家都会过来这里拍张照片留念。

“The majestic City Hall is the jewel in the Municipal Council's crown. The Council Chamber, where the 24 Municipal Councillors regularly convene, is located on the ground floor. The small monument you see on the Esplanade is the Cenotaph, a memorial to victims of World War 1. ”

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图20：City Hall 建于1923年，历史不详

Georgetown 3

图21：州政府行政大廈（Bangunan Tuanku SyedPutra）

二戰爆發，日 軍入侵檳榔嶼，大鐘樓后的殖民政府大廈在連日炮火中毀于一旦，然而殖民政府在戰後并沒有在原地重建，而把行政重心轉移唐寧街，在該處興建新的行政大樓，即 是現在俗稱為“九層樓”的州政府行政大廈（Bangunan Tuanku SyedPutra）。　獨立后，首席部長行政議員及秘書的辦公室，還有很多部門，如工商、經濟、教育、新聞、旅遊、鄉市發展、電訊、郵政等都集中在該大 廈。　直至光大興建完工，還把所有重要部門遷至光大廣場，只留下，勞工局、碼頭衛生處、國貿部、企合部、消費人仲裁庭、關稅局等

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图22：梅氏家庙(MOEY SHE TEMPLE PENANG)

建于1905年

“Moey She Temple is one of the lesser known temples in the inner quarters of George Town. It is located along Penang Street, within the Little India district of the city. Moey She Temple is a clan temple for Chinese people holding the surname "Moey". It is a Cantonese-style clan temple that was built along Penang Street in 1905. Much of the facade is of granite. At the front gate is a pair of ceramic lions perched on the gate. The eaves on the roof are decorated with eaves board and supported by tall granite pillars with lantern beams across them. On both sides of the front door of Moey She Temple are granite panels on which words of praise are inscribed. The roof is decorated with mystical beasts including the celestial fish and pearl. The temple is only one storeys high but the walls are built to a height of a two storey building. Inside the temple are wooden altars and other traditional Chinese furniture. ”

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图23：廣东暨汀州會馆

“檳榔嶼廣東暨汀州會館是全馬歷史最悠久的地緣性組織，依據1989年 由研究檳城史及華人史30年的鄭永美在白雲山第一公塚發現的墓石，廣汀會館於清乾隆六十年，即1795年已存在。 這個刻上“清顯考字廷賢曾公之墳墓，廣東廣州府香邑”的墓石，截至目前是所發現最早的一座墓碑。 換句話說，檳榔嶼廣汀會館今年已有205年歷史，相信是馬、新唯一跨越18至20世紀，如今昂首準備迎向21世紀的華社組織。”

http://www.sinchew-i.com/special/relics/ssr9.shtml?ssr901.html

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图24：增龙会馆

马来西亚华人地缘社团。创立于1801年。1849年建立馆所,为广东增城与 龙门两邑乡亲之联合组织。宗旨在联络感情,守望相助,排难解纷,共谋福利。1987-1988年度理事会会长王林清。

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图25：新会会馆

马来西亚华人地缘社团。前身为1873年创立的新会公司,馆所向冈州会馆购 置。1880年重修馆所,改名为新会绵远堂,同时以新会会馆名称注册成立。宗旨:在团结乡亲,联络乡谊,发展教育事业,谋求同乡福利。

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图26：加峇Barkath Stored (PG) Sdn Bhd

“The history of Kumpulan Barkath traces back to 1945 when a visionary entrepreneur, the late Haji Abu Backer bin Mohd Hussain founded a sundry shop called BARKATH STORES at Union Street, Penang. With good business acumen, Haji Abu Backer turned BARKATH STORES from a small family business to a profitable business venture, beginning with the local manufacture of “Hacks” sweets originally from the U.K. and other confectioneries including processing of frozen foods. ”

http://www.barkath.com/about.html

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图27：莱特街

“萊特街是早期的檳島四大主要道路，也是最早開闢的道路之一。　19世紀時期， 萊特街屬於舊關仔角殖民政府行政範圍，因此街道旁皆是政府的辦公樓。　至今仍有數座歷史悠久的建築物屹立在萊特街，建于1809年的檳州法庭是其中最古老 的行政大樓。　離法庭不遠的修道院女校也已經擁有154年的歷史，它也是東南亞最古老的修道院之一。修道院除了擁有教堂和修道場，當年還收留孤兒和開辦教 室。　除此以外,萊特街上州議會大廈、康華利堡、大鐘樓、市政廳和關仔角草場都超過百年歷史。　由於檳城的行政重心已經移至光大，現在的萊特街除了重大節 目才顯得特別熱鬧外，平時也只能看到三三兩兩的旅客行走在街道。”

http://cforum6.cari.com.my/viewthread.php?tid=525446&extra=page%3D3%26amp%3Bfilter%3Ddigest&page=4

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图28：丽罗旅社茶室 (Rio Hotel & Kedai Kopi)

又是美食天 堂，烘面包+咖啡的好去处，历史不详。

A good place to go for a great cup of local coffee and freshly toasted bread with kaya (coconut jam) would be Rio Hotel and Kedai Kopi at the junction of Bishop Street and Lebuh King (King's Street).

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图29：Pinang Peranakan Mansion

一座Baba Nyonya居所，里面展示了过千的古董和收集品。这座居所建于1890年。

“Originally the home of Kapitan Chung Keng Kwee, leader of Penang and Perak Hai San groups in the Larut Wars from 1860 to 1884. The mansion is a typical representation of the Straits Eclectic style of architecture – highly favoured by rich Peranakan families of old. Affectionally called 'Hai Kee Chan' or Sea Remembrance Store, it served as his residence and office. ”

www.tourismpenang.gov.my/page.cfm?name=at02a_08
www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/haikeechan.htm

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图30：India House

建于1937年, 曾经辉煌一时的建筑物默默的藏在乔治市，目睹了一切。

“India House is a double-storey building on the corner of Beach Street and Church Street Ghaut, and carries an address on both streets. It was built in 1937 in the Indian Art Deco style, by S.N.A.S Sockalingam Chettiar. Today it appears a bit worn down, but when it was first built, it was the highest assessment payer along expensive Beach Street. ”

http://www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/india_house.htm

Georgetown 4

图31：槟洲华人大会堂 (The Chinese Town Hall)

從獲得殖民地政府於 1875年頒給獻地信託書和興建款額算起，檳華堂今年邁入第134週年，經歷了歲月洗練一又四分之一世紀。 佇立在椰腳街的檳華堂前身是平章公館，1914年改稱平章會館，1975年再易名檳州華人大會堂，不過英文名稱始終保持“The Chinese Town Hall”。

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图32：Kapitan Keling Mosque

建于1801年，槟城最悠久的回教堂
“A monumental mosque crowned by yellow domes. The largest and oldest mosque in Penang was built in 1801 and further redesigned in 1910 by a German architect - Henry Alfred Neubronner, who gave the mosque its British Raj Moghul revival appearance and an elegant minaret.it was named after the Indian Muslim merchant Caudeer Mohudeen, who was also the Kapitan Keling (headman). Originally a rectangular building with verandahs and a hipped roof, the mosque has been enlarged several times, British architects commissioned by the Muslim and Hindu Endowments Board gave the mosque its British Moghul Revival appearance in 1916. The elegant minaret dates from this time.”

www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/kapitan_keling_mosque.htm

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图33：嘉应会馆

1800年成立了嘉应会馆。客家人的地方。主要的空间是设置了常年必须晨昏上 香的神主龛，会馆也以祭祀神主的春秋二祭作为每年主要的例常活动。会馆除了主办神诞，大多数的集会活动其实都是涉及先人崇拜。在这些每逢在农历新年和春、 秋，或冬祭，组织族人祭拜先人的活动中，也包括了组织大家到总坟去为所有不知名的先人上香献祭，过后又往往是现场按古礼举行分胙以及晚上主办宴会。

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图34：观音亭(Goddess of Mercy Temple)

香火鼎盛、古香古色的观音 寺据说是由第一批中国移民所建。该寺庙坐落在Jalan Masjid Kapitan的南端，是槟城最古老的中国寺庙。观音寺建立于1801年，它的瓦顶冠脊镶有一对栩栩如生的双龙戏珠雕塑，异常堂皇瑰丽,两旁的石狮，英姿 威威仿佛守着寺庙。寺内供奉着观音大士，香客络绎不绝。观庙里每逢初一、十五，善男信女都会前来烧香祈求一家大小平安。 音诞时，寺前的花岗石岩庭院必演大戏酬神，演出的次数是一年三次。

“This is one of the oldest Chinese temples in Penang. Built in 1801 by early immigrant settlers from China, the building is decorated with intricately crafted dragons and a pair of stone sculptured lions which are said to be its guardians. Undoubtedly the most popular Chinese temple in Penang, the Kuan Yin Teng, is flocked to by pilgrims and followers all year round, particularly on the first and fifteenth day of each lunar month. There is a lovely square where puppet shows and Chinese operas are staged on the Goddess of Mercy's feast days. The square is always a centre of bustling activity, and there is an octagonal well in one corner, which was once a public well for the Chinese community. “

www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/kuanyinteng.htm

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图35：宁阳会馆

台山寧陽會館建于1831年“寧陽會館”是根據台山舊稱新寧縣而設名的。

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图36：武帝庙(nin-yong-temple)

19世纪中的建筑物。

“Nin Yong Temple is a clan temple of the Toi San Association, a Cantonese district association of the Sing Ling dialect group from Toi San District, Guangdong Province, in southern China. It was constructed some time in the mid 19th century, and was renovated into its present form around the early 20th century, in 1912-1913. The renovation involved raising the level of the roof to the same height as that of the adjacent Ng Kongsi building, and cutting back on the length of the building by 7 feet 6 inches, so that a back lane can be created. A component of the Toi San Association is the Wu Ti Meow or War Emperor's Temple, which is incorported into Nin Yong Temple, at No 38 Lebuh King, next door to the left. The patron deity of this temple is Kwan Kong, literally Lord Kwan. His name in Mandarin is Guan Yu; he is the war general usually portrayed with a red face and holding a guandao, the huge crescent blade.As a final touch to the 1912-1913 renovation, the sign over the lentil of Wu Ti Meow was based on a calligraph by Leong Ting Feng, a central government officer and calligrapher who had to go into exile in the 1890's for criticizing the Prime Minister. He re-entered the imperial court after the Boxer Rebellion, having been hired by the Empress Dowager to tutor Pu Yi, who later ascended the throne as the last emperor of China.”

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/nin-yong-temple.htm

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图37：Ng See Kah Meow (槟城伍氏家庙)

建于1896年

“Ng Kongsi, also known as Seh Ng Chia Soo or Ng See Kah Meow, is a clan association of the Cantonese people surnamed Ng. It is part of a row of Cantonese-style association buildings that include the Nin Yong Temple next door. ”

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图38：福德祠

一座历尽1850年间，迂回在秘密会所与闽南式庙宇之间的150多年的古迹 – 本头公巷福德正神庙。福德正神庙目前正极力争取，继张弼士故居以及潮州韩江家庙之后，成为槟城第三座亚太区文化遗产保护奖的古迹。

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图39：香山会馆 (中山会馆)

建于1900年，1937年，为纪念孙中山先生创立民国，香山 会馆改名为中山会馆。香山会馆本身的建筑物很有特色。

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图40：King Street Temples

“这座结合了街屋、庙宇和戏台的庙宇，本身其 实就是槟城重要的一个历史见证，皆因它正是槟城当时最为赫赫有名的秘密会社，建德堂的总部。据记载，一场私会党之间的斗争曾在这里上演。 由于这是一座秘密会社，当时建立这座庙宇的建筑模式，绝对考量防御第一的隐秘结构。而建成的庙宇就藏在街屋围合的广场之内，形成了特有的一处历史人文空 间，外人决不易发现它的存在。”

Georgetown 5

图41：Hock Teik Cheng Sin Temple

“The Hock Teik Cheng Sin at Armenian Street is a place with many different names. Founded in 1844, the Hock Teik Cheng Sin moved to its present site in 1850. It is most popularly known as the Hokkien Tua Pek Kong Temple, after its patron deity, the Taoist god of prosperity. But due to its past as the base of the Khian Teik Tong secret society, the Hock Teik Cheng Sin is also known by the names of the many societies which the Khian Teik Tong registered in its place, including the Poh Hock Seah, the Hokkien Kongsi, Cheng Hoe Seah and Tong Kheng Seah. These legitimately registered societies were created when the British authorities outlawed the Khian Teik secret society in 1890. It simply transferred its assets to these societies. The Poh Hock Seah inherits the religious functions of the Khian Teik in running the Hokkien Tua Pek Kong temples in Armenian Street as well as at the Tanjong Tokong Tua Pek Kong Temple, where the annual flame watching ritual called Chneah Hoay is conducted. ”http://www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/hockteikchengsin_temple.htm

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图42：Cheah Kongsi

“Cheah Kongsi is one of the most charming clan houses tucked away in a hidden recess of George Town.Although there is no record to show what year the Cheah Kongsi was founded, based on the title deeds, it can be deduced that the kongsi was founded somewhere before the year 1820, making it the oldest of the five major Hokkien clan associations in Penang, the others being the Khoo, Yeoh, Lim and Tan clan associations. The founder is attributed to be one Cheah Yam. Between then and 1858, the association acquired several pieces of land. The one on which the clan temple now stands was acquired in 1858 at Armenian Street. It took 15 years to build.
Within the halls of the Cheah Kongsi temple are the two main deities of the Cheahs. They were in fact extinguished generals who were bestowed the title of "Marquis" or "Hock Haw". ”http://www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/cheah_kongsi.htm

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图43：宝珠社POE CHOO SEAN

历史不详

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图44：陈氏宗祠

1857年檳城就成立了陳氏宗祠，稱為穎川堂陳公司。該宗祠的20名信理中， 有18名是福建人，潮州和廣東人只是各占一名，結果引起一些不滿。粵籍同鄉乃成立純廣東人的庇能廣東陳氏宗祠。瓊州人則組織了檳城瓊崖陳氏宗祠，福建南安 潮塘鄉人則組織陳氏潮塘社，惠州人成立宗盟社陳氏宗祠，福建十縣人組成陳氏聯宗社，還有不分籍貫的陳氏宗義社。此外檳城威省有陳氏穎川堂、大山腳陳氏穎川 堂，合計檳城共有9個陳氏組織。該州的林氏宗祠更多達14個。

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图45：Mahamariamman Temple

建于1833年，是印度街的一个象征，也是 最古老的印度庙。This is the oldest Hindu temple in town, dating to 1833, with a magnificently sculptured entrance gate. At the end of Lebuh Queen is the Penang Teochew Association, a 19th century South Chinese district association temple. Note the granite beams and the beautifully gilded paintings of door gods at the facade.

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图46：Teo chew Temple

原建与1855年，目前的建造物建与1870年

“The Han Jiang Ancestral Temple is the community temple of the Penang Teochew Association. The association was form in 1855 by six Teochew migrants. At first they started a lodging house for newly arrived Teochews. It was located at 381 Beach Street. In 1867, they purchased the land along Chulia Street to construct the community temple. The Hanjiang Ancestral Temple was completed in 1870. At the time of completion, it was known as the Teochew Kongsi. It only changed its name to Han Jiang Ancestral Temple in 1935.The Teochew is one of six main Chinese dialect groups in Malaysia. The Teochews originate from Chaozhou prefecture, on the eastern part of Guangdong province, bordering Fujian province, in southern China. Early Teochew immigrants arrived in Penang in the mid-19th century and settled as plantation workers in Province Wellesley. Later some moved to George Town, where they established themselves in the wholesale and dried foodstuff trades.From the late 18th to the early 20th centuries, Chinese migrants to the Nanyang (that is to say, Southeast Asia), form mutual benefitting guilds, not unlike the merchant guilds or Hansa prevailing in mediaval Europe at that time. These guilds or associations are usually based on the people's district of origin, dialect, surname, clan or occupational group. For this reason, we can find in George Town today such associations as the Khoo Kongsi, for the Khoo clan, Teochew association, for the Teochew dialect group, and Carpenter's Guild, the association of carpenters. These associations act as a safe house for early immigrants to find shelter before establishing themselves in the new land.
The original Teochew temple was in the form of si dian jing, or four-point gold. This is a quadrangle design with an inner courtyard, or atrium. In 1890, an outer gate was added. In reflection of the prosperity of the community at that time, the gate was even more ornate than the original temple. It also has one of the biggest doors of any clan temples in Penang.The Han jiang Ancestral Temple houses the altar to the Teochew patron deity, the Taoist god of the north as well as ancestral tablets of deceased Teochews. In keeping with the high status of the temple's patron deity, the Teochew temple features three pairs of doors instead of only one for most temples.”

www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/hanjiang_teochew_ancestral_temple.htm

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图47：Bangunan U.A.S

U.A.S为 United Asian Bank，历史不详

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图48：荣昌公司

历史不详，荣昌公司为1920年从菲律宾归来的李清泉和其叔父李昭北一同组织 的公司。

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图49：槟城街景之Penang Road

“The road was constructed and named in 1906. It served traffic moving from Tank Road to the railway bridge at Fort Canning Road. Situated near Orchard Road, this road is a part of the commercial and shopping hub of Singapore. The road runs behind the Istana Park and is connected to the Dhoby Ghaut MRT station through an underpass. ”

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图50：St. George's Church

建于1818年，槟城最悠久 的英式教堂。去了很多次，不过还没有一次遇过开门的。

“Named after the patron saint of England. Built by convict labour in 1818, it is the oldest Anglican Church in South-East Asia.This is the oldest Anglican church in the country, modelled after a large church in Madras. In front of the church is a handsome memorial to Francis Light, who died on October 21, 1794. The Church maintains much of its original setting. ”

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George's_Church_Penang

Georgetown 6

图51：Penang Goldsmith Association (Ta Kam Hong)

The Penang Goldsmith Association or Penang Ta Kam Hong at Lebuh Muntri, Penang, is the biggest Chinese goldsmith association in Malaysia. Founded in 1832, it is also the oldest. Its members are mostly goldsmiths of Cantonese descent who came from Guangdong Province in southern China from the earth 19th century right to the early 20th century. Within its premises is the guild temple, Voo Cheng Koo Mew, built in 1903 to worship Wu Ching, the patron deity of goldsmiths.

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/penang-goldsmith-association.htm

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图52：Ng Fook Tong School (originally 1819, rebuilt 1898)

The Ng Fook Tong (Five Luck Villa), also known as the United Association of Cantonese Districts, was founded in 1819 as a school for Chinese. The society was originally located in a building in a different part of the city, but was moved to the present site after Keng Kwee, a secret society leader, bought the property in the late 1893.

http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/malaysia/georgetown/ngfooktong.php

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图53：Benggali Mosque

Benggali Mosque is a mosque along Leith Street. There was already a mosque on that site going back to the earliest days of the British settlement of George Town. The land was granted by the British East India Company to the sepoys who arrived to serve the British military, as site for their mosque, in 1803. The present mosque was built for the Benggali community that migrated to Penang towards the end of the 19th Century, and formed a settlement that extended from Leith Street all the way to Argyll Road. The Benggali Mosque was built in 1958 and was officiated by Tunku Abdul Rahman, the then Prime Minister of Malaya, on 26 December 2008. The mosque is a charming fusion of Muslim and International architectural styles.

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/benggali-mosque.htm

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图54：Luban Gumiao(魯班古廟)

檳城魯班行是大馬目前碩果僅存的魯班古廟，數年 前已在國家古蹟法令下列為受保護國家A級文物建築。不過，擁有漂亮建築和豐富歷史底蘊的魯班行，卻感嘆他們身為喬治市重要古蹟資產，但就是少了州政府的關 懷和呵護。這班希望魯班精神可以源遠流長的工匠師傅們都異口同聲表示:州政府眼裡不應只有潮州會館和邱公司，認為只有這些宗祠家廟可升級為旅遊景點，我們 魯班古廟其實一點都不差。午後的魯班行內，廟內除了有滿室從天井灑下的陽光，便是後院傳來的麻將聲。在雀友們此起彼落的“碰”、“吃糊”聲中，一群魯班行 的理事們在後院度量位子，以騰出魯班行古董展示廊。這個展示廊最遲在今年底就會完成。“計劃已經講了10年，今年再不實現，恐怕古廟裡的古董木雕都要被白 蟻吃光蛀完，壞無可壞了。這事多年前已向前朝政府反應，要求撥款，但一直沒有回應。現在政權在民聯政府手上，他們連魯班行都沒到過呢。這樣等下去不是辦 法，我們只好自己集資籌建，自己救自己了。”魯班行副主席趙德友告訴我們。光緒元年珍貴古董他們打開後院儲存室大門，向記者展示裡頭的珍貴古董時解說，魯 班行的全套光緒元年（1854年）花轎、儀仗用具、各類木雕等，都是無價之寶。尤其是用柚木雕成的大花轎，便是粉雕玉琢的精工之作。這些花轎和儀仗過去是 魯班行從前進行例年神會遊行時使用的。主席伍國樑一邊察看這些木雕一邊惋惜地說：魯班行年代久遠，多屆理事意見不同，加上他們沒有雄厚財勢，所以古廟內很 多應該保養的古董文物，都沒有獲得足夠的保護。儘管如此，他們會盡力維護這些先人留下來的無價之寶。除了這些鎖在密室的古董，魯班行內排排擺放的漂亮黑色 酸枝椅，目前可是奇貨可居的古董家具。這些酸木家具目前動輒整套數萬令吉，但在魯班行，它們卻是供訪客歇息的尋常椅子。擺在兩個櫃子內的古早木匠工具，也 是當今罕見的古董工具。和一般百年歷史背景的行業組織不同的是，魯班行集合宗祠和古廟於一個屋簷下。魯班行成立於 207年前，魯班古廟則建於122年前。這裡的成員都是廣東籍貫的工匠（建築業行友）和木匠（木工及家具業者），百多名行友之中，最年輕的已經是四十幾歲 的新中年。雖然如此，這並不代表古廟成員青黃不接。其中一名最年輕的新中年行友是總務梁福唐，他積極傳承自己的木雕功夫。他的本業是美術雕刻師及家具裝修 業，去年開始以魯班行名義開班授徒，教授公眾木雕技巧。他教授的第一屆畢業生，已可雕出一些像樣的作品，包括古時神遊用上的木牌匾。傳承木雕功救古董梁福 唐說，像他這樣的雕刻師傅已經買少見少。他師承上海籍雕刻師父，學會牌匾、神龕和花草雕刻，也懂修護古董，這些手藝和技巧正是魯班行急需用上的。他舉例 說，古廟裡那些刻著“肅靜”、“迴避”字樣的百年牌匾，因年代久遠被白蟻蛀食，但還好他能夠把這些遺憾一一修補復新。在工業化的年代，像魯班行這些仍舊掌 握木匠工匠真功夫的行友已經不多。秉承著魯班先師強調的尊師重道關係，魯班古廟和它裡頭的成員會繼續把這種精神傳下去，因為他們是名副其實的喬治市活古 蹟。

http://www.nic-my.com/viewthread.php?tid=7144&extra=page%3D1

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图55：Shih Chung School

建于1929年，续旧址时钟分校。

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图56：Khoo Kongsi

The Khoo Kongsi (邱公司) is a large Chinese clanhouse with elaborate and highly ornamented architecture, a mark of the dominant presence of the Chinese in Penang. The famous Khoo Kongsi is the grandest clan temple in the country. It is also one of the city's major historic attraction. The clan temple has retained its authentic historic setting, which includes an association building, a traditional theatre and the late 19th century rowhouses for clan members, all clustered around a granite-paved square. It is located in Cannon Square in the heart of the oldest part of the city of George Town, in the midst of narrow, winding lanes and quaint-looking pre-War houses exuding a palpable old world charm.
The Khoo Kongsi is a clan association of the Leong San Tong (Dragon Mountain Hall) clan, whose forefathers came from Sin Kang clan village in Hokkien province. The Khoos were among the wealthy Straits Chinese traders of 17th century Malacca and early Penang. In the 19th century, the clan complex resembled a miniature clan village, with its own self-government as well as educational, financial, welfare and social organisations. The clan temple was built in 1906 when the Khoo clan was at the height of wealth and eminence in Penang society.
The forefathers of the Khoo family who emigrated from South China built it as a clanhouse for members of the Khoo family in 1851. It was burnt down in 1894, allegedly struck by lightning, and the Chinese believed that it was due to its resemblance to the Emperor's palace, which provoked the gods. A scaled-down version was later built in 1902 and completed in 1906. Even so, the complex boasts a magnificent hall embellished with intricate carvings and richly ornamented beams of the finest wood bearing the mark of master craftsmen from China. The clan temple is dedicated to the clan's patron deities and also houses a collection of ancestral tablets. Chinese operas are still staged at the theatre during the seventh lunar month. They are a wonderful cultural experience worth witnessing.Like many such clan associations in South East Asia, Khoo Kongsi is no longer the center of important social activities and functions that it once held. Different strategies and ideas are being implemented to redefine the place of clan associations in the 21st century.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoo_Kongsi

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图57：Malay Mosque, Lebuh Acheh

The Acheen Street Mosque is an old mosque located at the heritage enclave of George Town. It was also called the Mesjid Jamek as well as Masjid Melayu Lebuh Acheh. The mosque was founded in 1801, making it one of the oldest mosques in Penang. The founder was Tengku Sheriff Syed Hussain Al-Aidid, an Acehnese clan leader who moved to Penang at the invitation of Captain Francis Light, and settled at what became Acheen Street.
In the 18th century, with Malacca in decline, trades along the Straits of Malacca moved northwards to Acheh. When Francis Light established the trading post in Penang, he wanted to create a Britsh trading post that rivals Acheh. To do this, he attracted merchants and traders from all over to settle in George Town. As a result, Penang had substantial communities of immigrants from Phuket, China, South India, Acheh, Arabia, and Jews from as far away as Armenia. One of these who settled here was Tengku Syed, a wealthy Achehnese merchant of Arab descent.
The Acheen Street Mosque has a Arab-style minaret with a Achehnese roof. The difference between this mosque and the other one, the Kapitan Kling nearby, is that the Acheen Street Mosque was built by a Achehnese, hence a Malay, whereas the Kapitan Kling Mosque was built by the Indian Muslims.

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/acheen-street-mosque.htm

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图58：Penang Islamic Museum

Penang Islamic Museum was created to celebrate the role and contribution of Malay leaders in the development and propagation of Islam in Penang. It also documents for posterity the history of the Malay settlement in Acheen Street and provides details on Malay personalities of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The museum is housed in the Syed Al-Attas Mansion. Syed Al-Attas Mansion was built by Syed Mohammad Al-Attas, an Achenese by descent, who built his mansion along Armenian Street. The mansion, in mid-19th century Straits Eclectic style, was built in 1860, and stands today as one of the few bungalows with Islamic elements from that era. A defender of the liberty of Acheh against the Dutch, Syed Al-Attas provided support to the Achenese resistance in the form of fire arms. His mansion was the venue for clandestine base for Achenese rebels.Syed Al-Attas was the leader of the Red Flag secret society, which is centred at Malay Town, as the Muslim settlement around Acheen Street and Armenian Street were called at that time. The Red Flag, aligned with Khian Teik Tong (read Hock Teik Cheng Sin Temple and Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi) The Red Flag society fought with the White Flag secret society in the Penang Riots of 1867. Syed Al-Attas had two wives. The first wife was from a Malay royal family while his second wife was the daughter of wealthy Straits Chinese pepper trader, Khoo Tiang Poh, who was a member of the Khoo Kongsi and the Khian Teik Tong. The marriage to Khoo Tiang Poh's daughter strengthened the alliance between the Red Flag and the Khian Teik Tong.As a result of the rioting, Syed Omar Basheer, leader of the Acheen Street Mosque, issued a fatwa outlawing the people of Islamic faith (the Malays, Achenese, Indian Muslims, etc.) from being involved in secret society activities.The mansion became the property of the Municipal Council. Restoration work was carried out on it in 1996, with technical assistance coming from the France, and financed by the Federal and State governments as well as the Municipal Council. The restoration work was honored by Badan Warisan Malaysia with a Best Project award in 1999.

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/penang-islamic-museum.htm

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图59：Sun Yat Sen Penang Base

From 1909-1911, it was the base of Dr Sun Yat Sen, leadr of the historic Chinese Revolution, and the headquarters of the Southeast Asian branch of the Tung Meng Hooi. The local Chinese of that time supported Dr Sun Yat Sen in the great movement against the Manchu government and the foreign imperialsits in Chinia. In 1911, China became the first republic in Asia and Dr Sun Yat Sen became its first provisional president.

http://www.pulaupinang.com/sunyatsen.shtml

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图60：Choo Chay Keong Temple

The Choo Chay Keong Temple is the clan temple of the Yap Kongsi, located next door to it. It is located at the corner of Lebuh Armenian and Medan Cannon, in the core zone of the George Town Unesco World Heritage Site. The diminutive temple - small compared to other buildings surrounding it - was erected for the worship of the Yap clan's patron deities. The temple was built for the worship of Hoay Che Chung Wang as well as for the display of the Yap ancestral tablets.

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/choo-chay-keong-temple.htm